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Future tense is a complex area to understand. Different tenses and ideas can be used with future meanings. Different tenses and ideas are used with future meanings. Future simple: Affirmative: I/We shall/will+verb +object They/He/She/It will+verb+object Example: I shall play football in the evening. He will play football in the evening. Negative: I/We shall/will+not+verb +object They/He/She/It will+not+verb+object Example: I shall not play football in the evening. He will not play football. Question: Shall/Will I/we +verb +object? Will they/he/she/it +verb+object? Example: Shall I play football? Will they play football? Negative questions: Shall/Will I/we +not+verb +object? Will they/he/she/it +not+verb+object? Example: Will you not play football this Sunday? Shall is used to make invitation and suggestions. Will is used to express a stronger intention or determination. The usage of future simple is given below followed by example. Future facts and certainties: The governor will be our chief guest for our school annual day. Promises: I will drop you at the airport tomorrow. Predictions (Based on no present evidence): It will be a windy day. Assumptions: I think she will leave to Bangalore tonight. Spontaneous decisions: I will get a paper and a pen to write. Threat: I will tell the police that you stole the money. Future continuous: Affirmative: Subject+will+be+verb+ing +object Example: I will be playing football when the show begins. Negative: Subject+will+not+be+verb+ing +object Example: I will not be playing football in the evening. Question: Will+Subject+be+verb+ing +object Example: Will you be dancing this annual day? The usage of future continuous is given below followed by example. To say that something will be in progress at a particular moment in the future: I will be traveling to Goa tomorrow at 7 o?clock. To predict the present or guess what might be happening now: He will be probably sleeping now. For polite inquiries referring to other people?s plans: Will you be leaving to Goa tonight? Assumptions: I think she will leave to Bangalore tonight. To refer to future events which are fixed or decided: She will be arriving here tomorrow morning. Future perfect: Affirmative: Subject+will+have+past participle +object Example: I will have finished my assignment tomorrow. Negative: Subject+will+not+have+past participle +object Example: I will not have finished my assignment tomorrow. Question: Will+Subject+have+past participle +object Example: Will you have finished your assignment tomorrow? The future perfect is used when something will have been done or achieved by a certain time in the future. For example: I will have finished my assignment tomorrow. Future perfect continuous: Affirmative: Subject+will+have+been+verb+ing +object Example: I will have been living in China for ten years by next month. Negative: Subject+will+not+have+been+verb+ing +object Example: I will not have been waiting for more than two hours when the plane arrives. Question: Will+ Subject+have+been+verb+ing +object Example: Will you have been living in China for ten years next month? The future perfect continuous is used when something will have continued by a certain time in the future. Be going+infinitive(?going to? future): Affirmative: Subject+verb ?to be?+going to+base form +object Example: I am going to visit Niagara Falls next month. Negative: Subject+verb ?to be?+not+going to+base form +object Example: I am not going to visit Niagara Falls next month. Question: verb ?to be?+Subject +going to+base form +object Example: Are you going to visit the Niagara Falls next month? The usage of ?going to? is given below followed by examples. Intentions: I am going to win the first prize in the competition. Predictions based on present evidence: I think it is going to rain today. Decisions made before speaking: I am going to visit the Niagara Falls this summer. Present simple: Affirmative: subject+ base form(+s/es)+ rest of the sentence Example: The train leaves in fifteen minutes. Negative: subject+ auxiliary verb ?do?+ not+ base form+ rest of the sentence Example: The train does not leave in fifteen minutes. Question: auxiliary verb ?do?+ subject+ base form+ rest of the question Example: Do they leave in an hour? The present simple is used with a future meaning in examples as follows: To suggest more formal situations: The supervisor visits our office tomorrow. For time tables and schedules: The train leaves at 11 o?clock today. To suggest a more impersonal tone: Our grandparents visit us next week. Present continuous: Affirmative: subject+ auxiliary verb ?be? + verb+ing + rest of the sentence Example: We are going to a picnic tomorrow. Negative: subject+ auxiliary verb ?be? + not + verb+ing + rest of the sentence Example: We are not going to a picnic tomorrow. Question: auxiliary verb ?be?+ subject+ verb+ing + rest of the question Example: Are we going to a picnic tomorrow? The present simple is used with a future meaning in examples as follows: For definite arrangements: We are visiting Tianjin this month. For decisions and plans without a timeframe: I am going out.
