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The main two methods discuss in this lesson are \"PPP\" (present, practice and production) and \"ESA\" (engage, study and activate). They are just the most well-known approaches. \"Presentation\" involves presenting the target language (the language to be taught to the students) to the students generally through eliciting and cueing of the students to see if they know it and then providing the language if no one does.Next comes \"Practice\" where the students practice the target language in one to three activities that progress from very structured (students are given activities that provide little possibility for error) to less-structured (as they master the material).\"Production\" is the stage of the lesson where the students take the target language and use it in conversations that they structure (ideally) and use it to talk about themselves or their daily lives or situations. Production should involve student talk at as much as 90% of the time and this component of the lesson can/should take as much as 20-30% of the lesson time. Roughly equivalent to PPP, ESA is slightly different in that it is designed to allow movement back and forth between the stages. However, each stage is similar to the PPP stages in the same order. Proponents of this method stress its flexibility compared to PPP and this method, uses more elicitation and stresses the \"Engagement\" of students in the early stages of the lesson. Both elicitation of students' knowledge and ideas and their engagement are excellent ideas in any lesson regardless of the methodology. Put some thought into adding a focus on elicitation in the early stages of your lesson to help shape where it goes as you proceed through the lesson.
