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This unit really integrated all of the material from the present and past tense lessons. If these tenses are not remotely similar to grammar structures in the students native language, I can't imagine how difficult it must be to master it. Even as a native English speaker, I find myself struggling to explain it simply. Past tense has it's difficulties in it's many irregularities. For every verb they memorize, they must also memorize it's past and past participle. I really liked the idea of using matching card games to help them memorize. Past Participles include the idea of a particular time the event occurred. Then comes the past continuous. There are many usages; gradual development in the past, action occurring at a specific time and continuing, and for describing situations at a given time. An activity idea that I really liked from this section was the detective game because it's a really good way to use multiple skills. Narrating stories is also a good way to use both past continuous and simple past. Past perfect is where it really starts to become complicated. It is use to describe that occurred and ended before another simple past action. A great way to use this is describing a situation's time frame in detail . \"Before I was arrested, I had already drunk three glasses of wine. \" Accordingly, story telling activities are also a good fit for this grammar point. Finally, there is the past perfect continuous. This is probably the most difficult to explain, but also the least necessary to learn in my opinion. It describes an ongoing action that was taking place right up until the moment you're describing or thinking about. It is not relevant whether or not it continued on after the event in mind. \"When I was arrested, I had been drinking.\" \"At that time, I had been worrying a lot.\" Activities for this would more than likely include some aspect of story telling. Something where they can fill in the blank; \"When I ___________, I had been________________.\" This was overall, a very useful unit.
