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Phonology refers to the whole sound system of a particular language, although is often neglected in the teaching of english. However, in the classroom there should be time given (whole or part of a lesson) to pronunciation, stress and intonation so as to make students aware of the importance of accuracy and clarity of communication. Intonation is the variation in volume and pitch in a whole sentence, whereas stress is more concerned with individual words. The distinction can be blurred if the sentence consists of one word. Intonation carries the message in a sentence. It is particularly important in questioning, agreeing or confirming statements. It is also fundamental in the expression of emotions or feelings. There are three basic patterns of intonation: - Rise/fall: sentences in this pattern indicate that the speaker has finished what s/he wanted to say or ask. - Fall/rise: sentences in this pattern indicate that the speaker has not finished what s/he wanted to say or ask. - Level intonation indicates that the speaker does not really have much to say or does not want to communicate. Intonation may be taught or indicated by gesture, humming or singing or by making marks on the board. Stress is the strong part of the sentence that bears the principal emphasis. In normal speech there are more syllables without stress than with stress. Only the vital syllables in the words conveying the essential information are stressed. Stress may be indicated or taught by means of contrastive stress, gesture, choral work or underlining stressed part of the sentence on the board. In order for students to be able to find out correct pronunciation of words on their own, time has to alloted to teaching them the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) and how to differentiate between and correctly pronounce particular sounds.", This chapter is rather new to me. I find it not easy as I don't use to care of this area until I come across this chapter. Phonology is the analysis of the sound. The pronunciation of English is based of the phonology of English. The areas cover are stress
